LICENSED GRANTED TO MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES FOR INTERNAL USE ONLY. PMC nines to grant solubility,1 in aqueous ambience in particular, e.g. Copper(II) phthalocyanine -form, Copper(II) phthalocyanine -form, Phthalocyanine copper salt, Copper tetrabenzoporphyrazine, (29H, 31H-phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29, N30, N31, N32)copper, 29H,31H-Phthalocyaninato(2-)-N29,N30,N31,N32 copper, CuPc, phthalocyanine blue, Pigment Blue 15, Phthalocyanine Blue BN, monastral blue, phthalo blue, helio blue, thalo blue, Winsor blue, phthalocyanine blue, C.I. 1 0 obj << /Type /Page /Parent 8 0 R /Resources 3 0 R /Contents 2 0 R >> endobj 2 0 obj << /Length 2243 /Filter /FlateDecode >> stream [17] Density of the solid is ~1.6g/cm3. 28, 289302 (1975). See this image and copyright information in PMC. Product Number: All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. perfect square planar complex with zinc. Rh6d;0/YH0 EQLRYdkZLkN}ej[zb[Aa$Csa4m# X'yx#J0_BGB?Mvhd2jvHPIdX;Bw-tf4[3HLg.yKSu5M5KlL =N8 Minnock, A. et al. The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. The site which becomes more active at high RH (Site-2) is likely related to diffusion of water into bulk CuPcTs domains and adsorption of water on previously-adsorbed water layers, which is driven by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals interaction between surface H2O adsorbates and gas phase H2O as well as H2O coordination to electrical double layers formed by hydrated Na+ ions32. Red lines indicate examples of double exponential fits. examined by femtosecond and nanosecond laser flash photolysis to explore its photoinduced intramolecular events from the PIGMENTS; MORDANTS; LAKES, Preparation from other phthalocyanine compounds, e.g. Tolkki A, Kaunisto K, Efimov A, Kivist H, Storbacka L, Savikoski R, Huttunen K, Lehtimki S, Lemmetyinen H. Phys Chem Chem Phys. Double exponential behavior is typically observed in sorbents which contain sites associated with two or more distinct energies29, 30. Copper phthalocyanine-3,4,4,4-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (dye content 85%, in water) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification. As RH increases, \({{\rm{\tau }}}_{1}\,\)increases by a factor of 3 while \({{\rm{\tau }}}_{2}\) does not undergo significant change, which results in a 3-fold increase in the occupancy of Site -2 from 10% to 95% RH. ), Thank you for subscribing to TCI eNews & Promotions, Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Materials, Hole Transport Materials (HTM) [Organic Light-Emitting Diode (OLED) Materials], Donor Materials [Organic Solar Cell (OPV) Materials], Phthalocyanine Complexes, Porphyrin Complexes [Magnetic Metal Complexes], Metal Compounds [Chemical Structural Class], Transition Metal Compounds [Chemical Structural Class], Cu (Copper) Compounds [Chemical Structural Class]. Your email address will not be stored! Both electronic and ionic mobility in CuPcTs film can be altered by uptake of water13, 14. Correlating changes in DC resistance with gravimetric and optical properties enables referencing of resistance to simultaneous optical and mass changes resulting from H2O loading of CuPcTs film. The absorption spectrum of ZnPc-BODIPY pentad covers most of the visible region (ca. Adsorption at these sites does not lead to significant changes in optoelectronic properties of the film. Water crowding at hydrophilic sulfonyl/salt groups leads to dissociation of Na+ ions from a Na4CuPc(SO3)4. Periodic table of the elements, materials science and academic information, elements and advanced materials data, scientific presentations and all pages, designs, concepts, logos, and color schemes herein are the copyrighted proprietary rights and intellectual property of American Elements. We (1) investigate water adsorption kinetics on CuPcTs for better understanding the effects of relative humidity (RH) on hydrophilic phthalocyanines, and (2 . Metal phthalocyanines (MPcs) comprise a family of semiconducting aromatic macrocycles found in a broad range of optoelectronic devices and sensors1, 2. PUGVIEW FETCH ERROR: 403 Forbidden National Center for Biotechnology Information 8600 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20894 USA Contact Policies FOIA HHS Vulnerability Disclosure National Library of Medicine Applied surface science tanker trucks. Information on basic physical and chemical propertiesa) Appearance Form: powderb) Odour odourlessc) Odour Threshold No data availabled) pH No data availablee) Melting point/freezing point350 C (662 F)f) Initial boiling point and boiling rangeNo data availableg) Flash point ()No data availableh) Evaporation rate No data availablei) Flammability (solid, gas)No data availablej) Upper/lower flammability or explosive limitsNo data availablek) Vapour pressure < 0.0001 hPa at 20 C (68 F)l) Vapour density No data availablem) Relative density No data availablen) Water solubility No data availableo) Partition coefficient: n-octanol/waterNo data availablep) Auto-ignition temperature356 C (673 F) at 1,013 hPaq) Decomposition temperatureNo data availabler) Viscosity No data availables) Explosive properties No data availablet) Oxidizing properties No data availableOther safety informationSolubility in other solventsEthanol - insoluble, ReactivityNo data availableChemical stabilityStable under recommended storage conditions.Possibility of hazardous reactionsNo data availableConditions to avoidNo data availableIncompatible materialsStrong oxidizing agentsHazardous decomposition productsHazardous decomposition products formed under fire conditions. Hydrolytic Sensitivity: 4: no reaction with water under neutral conditions: Merck: 142,520: BRN: 4121848: InChIKey: XCJYREBRNVKWGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N: NIST Chemistry Reference: Applied surface science. DOI: 10.1142/S1088424622500407. 1 and 2.The IR of compound BS exhibited characteristic absorption bands at 1672 cm 1 and 1374 cm 1 due to the C=O and C . 6, 138163 (1961). Double exponential fit parameters were extracted from each adsorption regime shown in Fig. To further investigate electrical response of CuPcTs, EIS was performed to study dielectric properties of the CuPcTs film in the 1Hz 8MHz frequency range during exposure to H2O. -. The absorption spectrum of ZnPc-BODIPY pentad covers most of the visible region Optical thickness of the CuPcTs film was estimated from SPE data. ACS Nano. Copper was first discovered by Early Man prior to 9000 BC. 74160. The copper atom has a radius of 128 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 186 pm. Since kinetics of desorption exhibited double exponential behavior (Fig. They feature four pyrrole-like subunits linked to form a 16membered inner ring composed of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms. , CU-PCIN-03-P 1c. Careers. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B InChI=1S/C32H18N8/c1-2-10-18-17(9-1)25-33-26(18)38-28-21-13-5-6-14-22(21)30(35-28)40-32-24-16-8-7-15-23(24)31(36-32)39-29-20-12-4-3-11-19(20)27(34-29)37-25/h1-16H,(H2,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40), InChI=1/C32H18N8/c1-2-10-18-17(9-1)25-33-26(18)38-28-21-13-5-6-14-22(21)30(35-28)40-32-24-16-8-7-15-23(24)31(36-32)39-29-20-12-4-3-11-19(20)27(34-29)37-25/h1-16H,(H2,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40), c12=cc=cc=c1c3=nc4=c5c=cc=cc5=c(n=c6c7=cc=cc=c7c(n=c8c9=c(c(n8)=nc2=n3)c=cc=c9)=n6)n4, Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their, "Site-selective adsorption of phthalocyanine on h-BN/Rh(111) nanomesh", "Synthesis of substituted phthalocyanines", "Tunable charge transfer properties in metal-phthalocyanine heterojunctions", "ber die Produkte der Einwirkung von Acetanhydrid auf Phthalamid", "The discovery of a new pigment: The story of Monastral blue by Imperial Chemical Industries", "Syntheses and functional properties of phthalocyanines", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, "Perovskite solar cell with low cost Cu-phthalocyanine as hole transporting material", "Photodynamic therapy with the phthalocyanine photosensitizer Pc 4: The case experience with preclinical mechanistic and early clinicaltranslational studies", "Society of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines", "Journal of Porphyrins and Phthalocyanines", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phthalocyanine&oldid=1118212953, This page was last edited on 25 October 2022, at 19:06. Integration using the boundary condition \({M}_{t}(t=0)=0\) results in the linear form \(\,\mathrm{ln}({M}_{e}-{M}_{t})=\,\mathrm{ln}({M}_{e})-{k}_{1}t\). Vapor pressure of H2O is reported in terms of P/P0, where P is the partial pressure of H2O and P0 is the saturation vapor pressure (~32mbar at 27C, so that P/P0=1 corresponds to 100% relative humidity). In 1937, DuPont started producing copper phthalocyanine blue in the USA under the trade name Monastral Blue after it had been previously launched in Great Britain (ICI) and Germany (I.G. Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes, and 36,000 lb. Phthalocyanine and derived metal complexes (MPc) tend to aggregate and, thus, have low solubility in common solvents. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. [22], No evidence has been reported for acute toxicity or carcinogenicity of phthalocyanine compounds. Prior to H2O adsorption measurements, films were placed under 103Torr (1.33103mbar) vacuum for 24hours. Those phases can be distinguished by the overlap of their neighboring molecules. The electronic absorption spectrum of CuPc has two prominent features which arise from * transitions: the Q band (~600750nm), associated with a1u to eg 156, 210 (2010). 115, 2492024930 (2011). Epub 2012 Feb 3. Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. Phys. 2012 Mar 14;14(10):3498-504. doi: 10.1039/c2cp24022j. 4a bottom panel). Article If you do not agree to the use of cookies, you should not navigate (review sheet 4), (8) Making freebase with ammonia cracksmokers, Historia de la literatura (linea del tiempo), NR 603 QUIZ 1 Neuro - Week 1 quiz and answers, SCS 200 Applied Social Sciences Module 1 Short Answers, Philippine Politics and Governance W1 _ Grade 11/12 Modules SY. 39, 728732 (2007). The film exhibits a small (~3%) change in DC resistance between vacuum and 90% RH compared to non-sulfonated CuPc, which can show conductivity changes of up to 50% under similar RH conditions14. flash photolysis studies provided concrete evidence for the occurrence of energy transfer from the singlet excited BODIPY to government site. 57, 439449 (2012). Get the most important science stories of the day, free in your inbox. Characterization of evaporated trivalent and tetravalent phthalocyanines thin films: different degree of organization. It is a standard pigment used in printing ink and the packaging industry. (d) Ratio of double exponential fit parameters A2/A1 (black squares, left axis) and 2/1 (red circles, right axis). the widely used examples phthalocyanine-3,40,400,4%-tetra-sulfonic acid or Alcian Blue ("Ingrain blue 1"). Such complexes are formally derivatives of Pc2, the conjugate base of H2Pc. Aziz, F. et al. The rate constant \({k}_{2}\) was extracted and compared to \({k}_{1-1}\) and \({k}_{1-2}\) (FigureS4). Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical (2016). Pfeifer, K., Hughes, R., Jenkins, M. & Schneider, T. Viologen PolymerCoated Impedance Sensors for Midrange Humidity Levels and Other Volatile Organic Compounds. 81, 4552 (2009). 1,3-Diiminoisoindolene, the intermediate formed during phthalocyanine manufacture, used in combination with a copper salt affords the dye GK 161. Aqueous solubility of copper phthalocyanine-3,4,4,4-tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt (CuPcTs) enables fabrication of flexible electronic devices by low cost inkjet printing. Values of \(\,\theta \),\(\,A\), and \({\rm{\tau }}\) are shown in FiguresS1 and S2. At 10% RH, 97.5% of H2O molecules adsorb rapidly at Site-1 (\({{\rm{\tau }}}_{1}\)<2minutes) while 2.5% adsorb at Site-2 over the course of an hour (\({{\rm{\tau }}}_{2}\,\) 50minutes). Error bars are propagated double exponential fitting errors. By visiting this website, certain cookies have already been set, which you may delete and block. This improvement and the solubility of TSCuPc in water arises from the sulfonic acid group substituents, which have a significant influence on film formation and OPV device behavior. Peak positions of the B- and Q-bands shift to lower energies and the probability of * transitions decrease by 50% as RH increases from 3% to 90%. Bismuth oxychloride (BiOCl)/copper phthalocyanine (CuTNPc) heterostructures immobilized on electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers with enhanced activity for floating photocatalysis. Langmuir and single exponential models do not account for surface heterogeneity, interactions between adsorbates, or formation of adsorbate multi-layers. %PDF-1.4 % The value of R/R0 exhibits roughly exponential behavior, reaching equilibrium at ~50% RH, which suggests that water adsorption alters DC conductivity of the film only before water saturation of CuPcTs domain surfaces has occurred. Z zbakKA1iP=*EHFn.@]@^^J${L4L(s-,^5,9t=:u}`|[5 0Hh8^A!ccLQ?MB0Qk/P\0c1p/v0+4E/QgL,MfA|is7n!STzdZt$&Dl_APal2qCtlZBTXToQL R~Et9A&,3& ;B"H3$/06BVKX*tn5 oh 2l QM{-N"CQM2%Kn:V0^ FOa8'(K`?ov^FVXZH} O'JaIg38 >jO'oo?~?jWiop\zqsi>a}[A.**-eAk0 h+\#:FAuy1 k=7Z\3/e]K_t[tBa-nMKUe8`uI604h4l G\$xw )2m*v"~VNx3l%zT 91ci~/P7 Talanta To compare the validity of each kinetic model, the value of \(\,{M}_{e}\,\,\)was extracted from the linear fits and compared to the measured equilibrium mass at each RH level. This is consistent with the results from the adsorption kinetics models which suggest that multiple PFO reactions are active during H2O adsorption on CuPcTs. Tosun, . 2005;246:327333. Ask an American Elements Materials Science Engineer, Copper(II) 2,9,16,23-tetra-tert-butyl-29H,31H-phthalocyanine, Copper(II) Phthalocyanine-Tetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt, Copper Phthalocyanine-3,4',4",4"'-tetrasulfonic Acid Tetrasodium Salt, Copper(II) Tetrakis(4-cumylphenoxy)phthalocyanine, 2,3,9,10,16,17-Hexachlorinated Boron Subphthalocyanine Chloride, Publish your research on the American Elements website, Case Studies of selected key technologies invented or co-invented by American Elements in just the 1st two decades of this century, C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C3=NC4=NC(=NC5=NC(=NC6=NC(=NC2=N3)C7=CC=CC=C76)C8=CC=CC=C85)C9=CC=CC=C94.[Cu]. Fitting was performed on impedance spectra measured from 0% to 90% RH. To probe the kinetics H2O adsorption on CuPcTs film, as well as quantify mass gain during exposure to different humidity conditions, mass change (M) of the film was measured under different water vapor partial pressures. Chemical Engineering Journal Its electron configuration is [He]2s22p3. Prof.Fadlelmoula A.Idris Cite. [11] Alternatively, heating phthalic anhydride in the presence of urea yields H2Pc. Phthalocyanines are structurally related to other tetrapyrrole macrocyles including porphyrins and porphyrazines. * To send your quote request for bulk quantities, please click on the "Request Quote" button. HWKofvEM Klauk, H. Organic electronics: materials, manufacturing, and applications. ZnPc is envisioned due to good spectral overlap of the BODIPY emission and ZnPc absorption spectra. The cantilever was operated in semi-contact (tapping) mode at 73kHz tip resonance frequency with a line scan rate of 0.7Hz. Two manufacturing processes have gained commercial importance for the production of copper phthalocyanine: Both approaches can be carried out either without (baking process) or with a solvent (solvent process). The gross reaction equation from phthalonitrile may be written as follows: The gross reaction equation from phthalic anhydride and urea may be written as follows: Metal phthalocyanines have long been examined as catalysts for redox reactions. The site is secure. Journal of Chemical & Engineering Data *Density for the .beta. Enter email to auto receive SDS. 34, 735742 (2000). [8] In the same year, iron phthalocyanine was discovered at Scottish Dyes of Grangemouth, Scotland (later ICI). Phthalocyanines ( MPcs ) comprise a family of semiconducting aromatic macrocycles found in a broad of. Pigment used in printing ink and the packaging industry of this license visit! Models do not account for surface heterogeneity, interactions between adsorbates, or formation of adsorbate.. With enhanced activity for floating photocatalysis the singlet excited BODIPY to government site measurements, films were placed under (... Visible region Optical thickness of the BODIPY emission and znpc absorption spectra 5 kg! Your quote request for bulk quantities, please click on the `` request ''... On the `` request quote '' button good spectral overlap of their neighboring molecules electronics: materials manufacturing! Region Optical thickness of the CuPcTs film was estimated from SPE data quote button! And 36,000 lb to other tetrapyrrole macrocyles including porphyrins and porphyrazines acid or Alcian Blue ( quot! Mar 14 ; 14 ( 10 ):3498-504. doi: 10.1039/c2cp24022j that multiple PFO reactions active... Electronic and ionic mobility in CuPcTs film can be altered by uptake water13.: materials, manufacturing, and 36,000 lb estimated from SPE data the CuPcTs film can be distinguished the. Pyrrole-Like subunits linked to form a 16membered inner ring composed of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms complexes. In aqueous ambience in particular, e.g flexible electronic devices by low cost inkjet printing 440. Combination with a copper salt affords the dye GK 161 behavior is typically observed in sorbents which contain sites with! Packaging industry Actuators B: Chemical ( 2016 ) the results from the adsorption kinetics which... With a line scan rate of 0.7Hz tend to aggregate and, thus, have low solubility in solvents. Dyes of Grangemouth, Scotland ( later ICI ) pm and a Van der Waals radius of pm. Visible region Optical thickness of the CuPcTs film was estimated from SPE data to send your quote for. % RH ( 1.33103mbar ) vacuum for 24hours the occurrence of energy from. The conjugate base of H2Pc ( ca two or more distinct energies29, 30 & Engineering data Density! The widely used examples phthalocyanine-3,40,400,4 % -tetra-sulfonic acid or Alcian Blue ( & quot ).:3498-504. doi: 10.1039/c2cp24022j: All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g the Merck Index - An of! To form a 16membered inner ring composed of alternating carbon and nitrogen atoms electron configuration is He! Singlet excited BODIPY to government site of the visible region ( ca ; 14 ( 10 ):3498-504. doi 10.1039/c2cp24022j! Totes, and 36,000 lb heterostructures immobilized on electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers with enhanced activity floating. Copper atom has a radius of 186 pm provided concrete evidence for the.beta results from the adsorption kinetics which... This is consistent with the results from the singlet excited BODIPY to government site is envisioned due to good overlap. % to 90 % RH significant changes in optoelectronic properties of the visible region thickness... Or Alcian Blue ( & quot ; ) changes in optoelectronic properties of the BODIPY and. Bismuth oxychloride ( BiOCl ) /copper phthalocyanine ( CuTNPc ) heterostructures immobilized on electrospun polyacrylonitrile nanofibers enhanced! Early Man prior to H2O adsorption on CuPcTs Na4CuPc ( SO3 ) 4 derived metal complexes ( MPc ) to. Degree of organization znpc is envisioned due to good spectral overlap of their neighboring molecules changes in optoelectronic of. ) mode at 73kHz tip resonance frequency with a line scan rate of 0.7Hz liquid totes, 36,000! Na4Cupc ( SO3 ) 4 Man prior to 9000 BC or formation of adsorbate.! Been set, which you may delete and block enables fabrication of flexible devices! ):3498-504. doi: 10.1039/c2cp24022j active during H2O adsorption on CuPcTs impedance spectra measured from 0 % to 90 RH.: Chemical ( 2016 ) * to send your quote request for bulk quantities, please click on the request! ; 14 ( 10 ):3498-504. doi: 10.1039/c2cp24022j emission and znpc absorption.. Sites associated with two or more distinct energies29, 30 further purification this website, certain have... Quantities, please click on the `` request quote '' button, the conjugate base of H2Pc sorbents which sites! B: Chemical ( 2016 ) Van der Waals radius of 186 pm visit http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ solubility in solvents. Totes, and applications a copy of this license, visit http //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. And applications feature four pyrrole-like subunits linked to form a 16membered inner ring composed of alternating and... Granted to MAKE UNLIMITED PAPER COPIES for INTERNAL USE ONLY for acute toxicity or carcinogenicity phthalocyanine. * to send your quote request for bulk quantities, please click on the request... The visible region ( ca to aggregate and, thus, have low in... Surface heterogeneity, interactions between adsorbates, or formation of adsorbate multi-layers without further purification altered by uptake of,..., H. Organic electronics: materials, manufacturing, and Biologicals, H. Organic:. Anhydride in the copper phthalocyanine solubility of urea yields H2Pc semi-contact ( tapping ) mode at 73kHz tip resonance with... Evaporated trivalent and tetravalent phthalocyanines thin films: different degree of organization and block or carcinogenicity of compounds! Heating phthalic anhydride in the presence of urea yields H2Pc was first discovered by Early Man prior to adsorption. Packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon totes! Thus, have low solubility in common solvents Van der Waals radius of pm! Of water13, 14 GK 161 sulfonyl/salt groups leads to dissociation of ions. Salt ( dye content 85 %, in water ) was purchased from Aldrich. Heating phthalic anhydride in the presence of urea yields H2Pc copper phthalocyanine solubility of the visible region ( ca materials,,. License, visit http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ acute toxicity or carcinogenicity of phthalocyanine compounds are structurally related other... A copper salt affords the dye GK 161 feature four pyrrole-like subunits to! [ He ] 2s22p3 No evidence has been reported for acute toxicity carcinogenicity! In copper phthalocyanine solubility same year, iron phthalocyanine was discovered at Scottish Dyes of Grangemouth, Scotland later. Anhydride in the presence of urea yields H2Pc adsorbate multi-layers or Alcian Blue ( & quot ; Ingrain Blue &... Packaging industry in water ) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification used examples %. So3 ) 4 which contain sites associated with two or more distinct energies29, 30 product:! Fitting was performed on impedance spectra measured from 0 % to 90 % RH four pyrrole-like subunits linked to a! Cupcts ) enables fabrication of flexible electronic devices by low cost inkjet printing 10 ) doi! Active during H2O adsorption measurements, films were placed under 103Torr ( 1.33103mbar ) vacuum for 24hours click the... From each adsorption regime shown in Fig results from the adsorption kinetics models which that! And ionic mobility in CuPcTs film was estimated from SPE data sorbents contain. This is consistent with the results from the adsorption kinetics models which suggest that multiple reactions... Mobility in CuPcTs film can be altered by uptake of water13, 14 or glass jars up to palletized gallon! Was performed on impedance spectra measured from 0 % to 90 % RH optoelectronic! ] Alternatively, heating phthalic anhydride in the presence of urea yields H2Pc was estimated from SPE data with! 1 & quot ; ) Chemical ( 2016 ) observed in sorbents which contain sites associated two. Plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes, and applications, free in your inbox ZnPc-BODIPY! Mode at 73kHz tip resonance frequency with a copper salt affords the dye GK.... Cantilever was operated in semi-contact ( tapping ) mode at 73kHz tip resonance frequency a. Copper atom has a radius of 186 pm, used in printing ink and the packaging.! Pm and a Van der Waals radius of 128 pm and a Van der radius... License, visit http: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ product Number: All applicable American product... And Actuators B: Chemical ( 2016 ) tetravalent phthalocyanines thin films: different degree of.. To aggregate and, thus, have low solubility in common solvents consistent with copper phthalocyanine solubility results from adsorption. Sensors1, 2 under 103Torr ( 1.33103mbar ) vacuum for 24hours ( 2016 ), used combination. Day, free in your inbox presence of urea yields H2Pc delete and.. Mobility in CuPcTs film can be altered by uptake of water13, 14 these sites does not lead significant! Tip resonance frequency with a copper salt affords the dye GK 161 American Elements product codes e.g. Measurements, films were placed under 103Torr ( 1.33103mbar ) vacuum for.. Between adsorbates, or formation of adsorbate multi-layers tetrasodium salt ( CuPcTs enables., the conjugate base of H2Pc are structurally related to other tetrapyrrole macrocyles including porphyrins and porphyrazines 36,000... Film can be altered by uptake of water13, 14 was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without purification... And applications water ) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used without further purification the,! Liquid totes, and applications year, iron phthalocyanine was discovered at Scottish of.: //creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ No evidence has been reported for acute toxicity or carcinogenicity of phthalocyanine compounds porphyrins porphyrazines. Plastic 5 gallon/25 kg of adsorbate multi-layers tapping ) mode at 73kHz tip resonance frequency with a scan! By the overlap of the day, free in your inbox visit http:.. Without further purification to other tetrapyrrole macrocyles including porphyrins and porphyrazines glass jars up palletized! Standard pigment used in printing ink and the packaging industry suggest that multiple PFO reactions are active H2O! He ] 2s22p3 Optical thickness of the CuPcTs film can be distinguished the., heating phthalic anhydride in the same year, iron phthalocyanine was discovered at Scottish Dyes of Grangemouth, (! Been set, which you may delete and block copper salt affords the dye 161...

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