), Phoenicians, Carthaginians, Romans, Vandals, Byzantines, over a dozen different Arab and Berber dynasties, Spaniards, and Ottoman Turks. (I use "commune" to translate the French "commune," and "municipality" to ), 18.52 births/1,000 population (2022 est. )subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 11 (2020 est. See the Department of StatesAnnual Report on International Parental Child Abductionathttps://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/International-Parental-Child-Abduction/for-providers/legal-reports-and-data.html. The repatriations were conducted in coordination with consular officials from the countries of origin of the migrants, but the migrants were not permitted to challenge their removal. )imports: 85,000 metric tons (2020 est. Algeria, the second-largest state in Africa, has a Mediterranean coastline of about 998 kilometers (620 mi.). A longtime FLN member, TEBBOUNE ran for president as an independent. $41.776 billion (2021 est. The province and its total petroleum system coincide with the Illizi Basin. To found a union, an applicant must be Algerian by birth or have held Algerian nationality for 10 years. After making a determination, the ministry notifies the customs service of the decision to allow or ban the importation of the publication. )beer: 0.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est. )transmission/distribution losses: 9.897 billion kWh (2019 est. This movement accelerated during World War I, when Algerians filled in for French factory workers or served as soldiers. ), number of registered air carriers: 3 (2020)inventory of registered aircraft operated by air carriers: 87annual passenger traffic on registered air carriers: 6,442,442 (2018)annual freight traffic on registered air carriers: 28.28 million (2018) mt-km, total: 67over 3,047 m: 142,438 to 3,047 m: 271,524 to 2,437 m: 18914 to 1,523 m: 6under 914 m: 2 (2021), total: 822,438 to 3,047 m: 21,524 to 2,437 m: 16914 to 1,523 m: 36under 914 m: 28 (2021), 2,600 km condensate, 16,415 km gas, 3,447 km liquid petroleum gas, 7,036 km oil, 144 km refined products (2013), total: 104,000 km (2015)paved: 71,656 km (2015)unpaved: 32,344 km (2015), total: 114by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 2, general cargo 11, oil tanker 11, other 89 (2021), major seaport(s): Algiers, Annaba, Arzew, Bejaia, Djendjene, Jijel, Mostaganem, Oran, SkikdaLNG terminal(s) (export): Arzew, Bethioua, Skikda, Algerian People's National Army (ANP): Land Forces, Naval Forces (includes Coast Guard), Air Forces, Territorial Air Defense Forces, Republican Guard (under ANP but responsible to the President), National Gendarmerie; Ministry of Interior: General Directorate of National Security (national police) (2022), 5.6% of GDP (2021 est. Corruption remained a problem, and officials sometimes engaged in corrupt practices with impunity. Nongovernmental observers believed pretrial detainees comprised a significant portion of the total detainee and prisoner population but did not have specific statistics. Intelligence services arrested journalist Said Chitour in June 2017 and accused him of sharing intelligence with a foreign power. )$10,800 (2020 est. The government increased efforts to investigate and prosecute trafficking offenders and to identify and provide protection services to trafficking victims, including those subject to forced labor. Opposition parties also disseminated information via the internet and published communiques but stated they did not have access to the national television and radio. The government did not permit young men eligible for the draft who had not completed their military service to leave the country without special authorization. The General Directorate of National Security (DGSN) stated that it received 131 complaints of violence or threats by officers and conducted 163 investigations into those threats. ), household consumption: 42.7% (2017 est. The law prohibits torture and prescribes prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years for government agents found guilty of torture. ), electrification - total population: 99.4% (2019)electrification - urban areas: 99.6% (2019)electrification - rural areas: 97% (2019), installed generating capacity: 21.694 million kW (2020 est. The law permits unions to affiliate with international labor bodies and develop relations with foreign labor groups. Algeria is the United States' 3rd-largest market in the Middle East/North African region. By law, children born to a Muslim father are Muslim, regardless of the mothers religion. In the years following independence, low-skilled Algerian workers and Algerians who had supported the French (known as Harkis) emigrated en masse to France. However, about a decade after independence from France in 1962, the total fertility rate fell dramatically from 7 children per woman in the 1970s to about 2.4 in 2000, slowing Algeria's population growth rate by the late 1980s. Prosecutors may apply to a judge to extend the period before arrested individuals can have access to an attorney. The law limits the grounds for pretrial detention and stipulates that before it can be imposed, a judge must assess the gravity of a crime and whether the accused is a threat to society or a flight risk. List of Algerian provinces by population This article has been translated from the Academic seminars generally occurred with limited governmental interference. Women may seek divorce for irreconcilable differences and violation of a prenuptial agreement. note: The year refers to the year in which the current credit rating was first obtained. The government requires employers to declare their employees to the Ministry of Labor and to pay social security benefits. by | May 25, 2022 | camden county ga school schedule | cindy deangelis grossman pictures | May 25, 2022 | The constitution grants the president authority to appoint all prosecutors and judges. Pursuant to the constitution, all parties must have a national base. The electoral law adopted by parliament in 2016 requires parties to have received 4 percent of the vote in the preceding election or to collect 250 signatures in the electoral district in order to appear on the ballot. Convicted terrorists had the same rights as other inmates but were held in prisons of varying degrees of security, determined by the danger posed by the prisoners. Also note that diacritical marks may be different, depending on the method of transliteration used. International organizations reported some children had trouble in their attempts to integrate into the educational system but that migrants access to education was improving, particularly in the north of the country. The law criminalizes public indecency and consensual same-sex sexual relations between adult men or women, with penalties that include imprisonment of six months to three years and a fine of DZD 1,000 to DZD 10,000 ($8.50 to $85). The Sahrawi refugees had not sought local integration or naturalization during their 40-year stay in the refugee camps near Tindouf, and the Polisario Front continued to call for a referendum on independence in Western Sahara. Access to Asylum: While the law provides generally for asylum or refugee status, the government has not established a formal system through which refugees can request asylum. The majority of the ministrys programs for children with disabilities remained in social centers for children with disabilities rather than in formal educational institutions. The Ministry of National Solidarity, Family, and Women reported that it ran 238 centers throughout the country that provided support for persons with intellectual, auditory, vision, and physical disabilitiesdown from 242 the previous year. ), total: 3,790,459 (2020 est. In most cases, the NGOs continued to hold their meetings and police came to the hotels to end the gatherings. Under provisional liberty status, authorities subjected suspects to requirements such as reporting periodically to the police station in their district, stopping professional activities related to the alleged offense committed, surrendering all travel documents, and, in some terrorism-related cases, residing at an agreed-upon address. Religious workers reported that they had access to prisoners during the year and authorities allowed detainees access to religious observance. Oxford University Press, New York, 1951. UNHCR registered more than 10,000 Syrians, but fewer than 7,000 remained registered with UNHCR as of September. ), production: 0 metric tons (2020 est. )note: data are in 2017 dollars, 7.23% (2021 est. The court appearance of suspects in terrorism cases is public. ), 112 deaths/100,000 live births (2017 est. The International Trade Union Confederation reported that judicial persecution of trade union leaders had intensified. The law requires that workers obtain government approval to form a union, and the Ministry of Labor must approve or disapprove a union application within 30 days. Since 2014, Algerias reliance on hydrocarbon revenues to fund the government and finance the large subsidies for the population has fallen under stress because of declining oil prices. These presidential appointments are not subject to legislative oversight but are reviewed by the High Judicial Council, which consists of the president, minister of justice, chief prosecutor of the Supreme Court, 10 judges, and six individuals outside the judiciary chosen by the president. From March 18 until April 8, the ministrys Labor Inspector Service conducted inspections into child labor of 9,748 businessdown from 11,575 businesses the previous year. 1902-12-24: Parts of the military territories - the cercles marked with an asterisk (*) above, with minor The governments actions included harassment of some critics; arbitrary enforcement of vaguely worded laws; informal pressure on publishers, editors, advertisers, and journalists; and control of an estimated 20 percent of the countrys advertising money and printing capabilities. 03 / Select Countries You can add more than one country or area. The DGAPR separates vulnerable persons but provides no consideration for sexual orientation. )imports of goods and services: -35.8% (2017 est. ), women married by age 15: 0%women married by age 18: 3.8% (2019 est. departments of France. The boundaries of subdivisions have changed, although the names may have stayed the same. The government may invalidate a unions legal status if authorities perceive its objectives to be contrary to the established institutional system, public order, good morals, law, or regulations in force. 1955-08-07: Bne department formed by taking the eastern arrondissements of Constantine department: Bne [3] Fifth United Nations Conference on the Standardization of Geographical Names, Vol. The courts are empowered to dissolve unions that engage in illegal activities. )note: Data are in current year dollars and do not include illicit exports or re-exports. If the application is approved, the ministry issues a final accreditation document. LGBTI status is not, in itself, criminalized; however, LGBTI persons may face criminal prosecution under legal provisions concerning prostitution, public indecency, and associating with bad characters. Protests broke out across the country in late February 2019 against President BOUTEFLIKAs decision to seek a fifth term. During much They were )consumption: 66.646 billion kWh (2019 est. The ministrys Media Directorate is responsible for issuing and renewing accreditations to foreign media outlets operating in the country. Sexual Exploitation of Children: The law prohibits solicitation for prostitution and stipulates prison sentences of between 10 and 20 years when the offense is committed against a minor under age 18. Algiers has increased protectionist measures since 2015 to limit its import bill and encourage domestic production of non-oil and gas industries. Religious Beliefs In AlgeriaSunni Islam. Sunni Islam in Algeria constitutes the majority of the population. Judaism. Judaism in Algeria dates back to the 14th Century when Jews migrated in large numbers into Algeria after being persecuted and driven from Spain.Protestant Christianity. Shia Islam. Religious Freedom and Tolerance in Algeria. of the colonial period, Algerian departments had a legal status which was supposedly equal to that of the European An Defla split from Chlef; An Tmouchent split from Sidi Bel Abbs; Bordj Bou Arrridj split from Stif; The government continued to deny recognition to the General Autonomous Confederation of Workers in Algeria (CGATA), an independent trade union confederation that includes public and economic sector unions and committees. According to the ministry, organizations receive a receipt after submitting their application for accreditation, and after the time periods listed above, this slip is legally sufficient for them to begin operating, to open a bank account, and to rent office or event space. 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