Figure 17-6. This ring of cartilage encompasses the outer rim of the glenoid to provide cushiony support around the head of the humerus. The image shows the typical findings of a sublabral recess. The findings are compatible with a posterior GLAD lesion (glenolabral articular disruption). Imaging studies therefore are an important adjunct to the diagnosis and treatment of posterior shoulder instability. Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Click to share on Google+ (Opens in new window), on Imaging of Posterior Shoulder Instability. Posterior shoulder dislocations can result in posterior labral tears. Although increased glenoid retroversion is a risk factor for posterior shoulder instability, there is little evidence to support the claim that increasing glenoid retroversion is associated with worse outcomes following posterior labral repair.12 Hurley et al found that patients with symptomatic posterior instability and glenoid retroversion of greater than 9 degrees had higher recurrence rates after open soft-tissue procedures.13 Conversely, Bigliani and colleagues performed CT scans for 16 of 35 shoulders prior to an open posterior capsular shift and found the average retroversion was 6 degrees.14 Their surgical cohort had an 80% success rate but they did not attribute their failures to osseous anatomy. An impaction fracture is also present at the posterior glenoid rim (blue arrow). It is present in approximately 1.5% of individuals. the-glenoid labrum. (OBQ19.66) (2a) The fat-suppressed proton density-weighted axial image reveals alignment of the humeral head posteriorly relative to the glenoid, with an impaction fracture of the humeral head articular surface (red arrow). 2009 Jan;192(1):86-92. doi: 10.2214/ajr.08.1097. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. A posterior labral tear is referred to as a reverse Bankart lesion, or attenuation of the posterior capsulolabral complex, and commonly occurs due to repetitive microtrauma in athletes. The labrum in the shoulder joint is a vital component that helps stabilize the humerus and shoulder blade during movement. When you have a excessive posterior force on an adducted arm the resultant is a posterior labral tear. American Journal of Sports Medicine 1994, 22:2:171-176. We hypothesized that the accuracy of MRI and MRA was lower than previously reported. . Orthop J Sports Med. Appendicitis - Pitfalls in US and CT diagnosis, Acute Abdomen in Gynaecology - Ultrasound, Transvaginal Ultrasound for Non-Gynaecological Conditions, Bi-RADS for Mammography and Ultrasound 2013, Coronary Artery Disease-Reporting and Data System, Contrast-enhanced MRA of peripheral vessels, Vascular Anomalies of Aorta, Pulmonary and Systemic vessels, Esophagus I: anatomy, rings, inflammation, Esophagus II: Strictures, Acute syndromes, Neoplasms and Vascular impressions, TI-RADS - Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System, The Abduction External Rotation (ABER) View for MRI of the Shoulder. His pain is aggravated when grappling with other wrestlers and when performing push-ups. It cushions the joint of the hip bone, preventing the bones from directly rubbing against each other. Posterior labral periosteal sleeve avulsion injury (POLPSA) in a 19 year-old football player following acute injury. CT arthrography has been reported to have 97.3% accuracy for detecting Bankart lesions and 86.3% for SLAP lesions 4, which makes it comparable with MR arthrography and gives the possibility to examine the patients with contraindications to an MR examination. When the labrum gets damaged or torn, it puts the shoulder at increased risk for looseness and dislocation. Radiographics. In patients with posterior instability, the presence of glenoid hypoplasia is predictably higher, with one report finding deficiency of the posteroinferior glenoid in 93% of patients with atraumatic posterior instability.10 When diagnosing posterior glenoid hypoplasia on MRI, care should be taken not to overcall the entity, as volume averaging can result in a false appearance of dysplasia on the most inferior axial slice. AJR Am J Roentgenol. In previous studies, conventional MR sensitivity in detection of labral tears has ranged from 44% to 93% sensitivity compared with arthroscopy [1, 2].Two recent studies have assessed conventional MRI evaluation of the glenoid labrum using a 0.2-T extremity MR system. The biceps looked stable. Copyright 2023 Lineage Medical, Inc. All rights reserved. On examination, she reports deep posterior shoulder pain when the arm is abducted 90 degrees and maximally . (14c) An arthroscopic examination confirms the tear in the posterior capsule (arrow), which was subsequently repaired. To provide the highest quality clinical and technology services to customers and patients, in the spirit of continuous improvement and innovation. On a MR-arthtrogram a sublabral foramen should not be confused with a sublabral recess or SLAP-tear, which are also located in this region. Diagnosis can be made clinically with positive posterior labral provocative tests and confirmed with MRI studies of the shoulder. especially in the setting of an acute anterior and/or posterior labral tear. 2013 Sep 24;2013(9):CD009020. Diagnostic criteria for both anterior and posterior labral tears present similarly. 2006; 240(1):152-160. An orthopaedic surgeon performs an arthroscopic shoulder procedure on a football player. Posterior periosteum (arrowheads) is extensively stripped but remains attached to the posterior labrum. (2b) The T2-weighted sagittal image confirms posterior displacement of the humeral head (arrow) relative to the glenoid (asterisk). The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket joint that joins the upper arm's (humerus) bone with the shoulder blade (scapula). What is Anterosuperior acetabular labrum? This is a common injury for athletes such as baseball pitchers and . This is called a posterior labral tear. Scroll through the images and notice the unattached labrum at the 12-3 o'clock position at the site of the sublabral foramen. 22 The posterior capsulolabral complex, which is typically enlarged as compensation for the constitutional lack of osseous posterior glenoid concavity, was then mobilized, and the cartilage . A sublabral recess however is located at the site of the attachment of the biceps tendon at 12 o'clock and does not extend to the 1-3 o'clock position. A displaced tear of the posteroinferior labrum is present, with a torn piece of periosteum (arrow) remaining attached to the posterior labrum. The retracted end of the subscapularis (asterisk) is also visible compatible with a full thickness tear. The term SLAP stands for Superior Labrum Anterior and Posterior. The labrum is a band of tough cartilage and connective tissue that lines the rim of the hip socket, or acetabulum. Fluid should not lie along both sides of the shoulder capsule. Notice the rotator cuff interval with coracohumeral ligament. of the biceps in the bicipital groove. (B) Axillary radiograph demonstrating severe glenoid dysplasia with hypoplasia of the posterior glenoid and severe retroversion. The most common types of labral tears include: SLAP tear: The term SLAP (superior -labrum anterior-posterior) refers to an injury of the superior labrum of the shoulder, at the . At this level also look for Bankart lesions. Posterior subluxation of the humeral head is readily apparent. Following plain radiographs, a CT scan is another useful imaging modality to evaluate the bony morphology of the glenoid including retroversion, glenoid dysplasia, and glenoid bone loss (GBL), and to further characterize the size and location of a reverse Hill-Sachs lesion. Description. It is important to recognise these variants, because they can mimick a SLAP tear. Also, it allows preoperative planning if a posterior bone block procedure is planned. In patients with traumatic posterior subluxation or dislocation, injuries to labrum, capsule, bone and rotator cuff may be found, and accurate diagnosis with MRI allows the most appropriate treatment pathway to be chosen. An anatomy drawing of a shoulder labrum. Pagnani MJ, Warren RF Stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint. In the event of a shoulder dislocation, the . Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Tear of the posterior shoulder stabilizers after posterior dislocation: MR imaging and MR arthrographic findings with arthroscopic correlation. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. What is your diagnosis? Severe glenoid dysplasia or hypoplasia is a rare condition due to either brachial plexus birth palsy or a developmental abnormality with lack of stimulation of the inferior glenoid ossification center. Surg Clin North Am. Study the cartilage. Unable to process the form. Fluid undermines a tear of the posterior glenoid labrum (arrow) in a 42 year-old male with persistent posterior shoulder pain. Posterior Labral Tear. Radiology 2008; 248:185193. Successful nonoperative treatment of posterior shoulder instability has had varying rates of success, between 16 and 70% of patients. QID: . The insertion has a variable range. Tears of the supraspinatus tendon are best seen on coronal oblique and ABER-series. Diagnosis of a locked posterior humeral dislocation can be avoided by recognizing on the AP Grashey radiograph the presence of the lightbulb sign (Figure 17-3A), which is the humeral head taking on a rounded appearance similar to the shape of a lightbulb because of fixed internal rotation secondary to a posterior glenohumeral dislocation.4 In addition to recognizing the lightbulb sign on an AP Grashey radiograph, an axillary x-ray will confirm the diagnosis of a locked posterior dislocation (Figure 17-3B). Orthopedic surgeons will tell you that the labrum increases joint stability and serves as an anchor for ligaments and muscles. The labrum is cartilage tissue that holds the "ball" (humeral head) in the "socket" (glenoid) of your shoulder. Such lesions are generally found in patients with atraumatic posterior instability. coracoacromial arch and coracoacromial ligament, glenohumeral ligaments - SGHL, MGHL, IGHL (anterior band). a pointed glenoid on axial imaging sequences is a normal-appearing glenoid without dysplasia, a lazy J has a rounded appearance of the posterior inferior glenoid, and a delta glenoid is a triangular osseous deficiency. On plain radiography of the shoulder, an anteroposterior (AP) view of the shoulder in internal and external rotation, outlet, and axillary views should be obtained. AJR 2004; 183(2). Figure 17-3. McLaughlin, HL. Jun 23, 2021 by . MRI can rule out other causes of shoulder pain. (OBQ11.152) A small chondral defect is present (arrowhead) adjacent to the free edge of the posterior labrum. This type of shoulder labral tear can lead to intermittent symptoms and only occurs in 5-10% of shoulder labral tear patients. Arthroscopic Posterior Labral Repair - Randy S. Schwartzberg, M.D. Overall, MRI had an accuracy of 76 %, a PPV of 24 %, and a NPV of 95 %. "If physical therapy fails and the athlete still can't complete overhead motions, or the shoulder continues to dislocate, surgical treatment might be required to reattach the torn ligaments and labrum to the . Sometimes at this level labral tears at the 3-6 o'clock position can be visualized. The labrum is the cartilage of the shoulder joint that encircles the socket to stabilize the shoulder. Comparison between 18 patients with glenoid dysplasia and 19 patients without dysplasia revealed no significant difference in outcomes between the 2 groups.20. Posterior shoulder instability is a relatively rare phenomenon compared to anterior instability, comprising only 5-10% of all shoulder instability. Labral tears, such as a SLAP tear that cause a paralabral cyst, can occur due to trauma (dislocation), repetitive movement . Introduction. Notice that the biceps tendon is attached at the 12 o'clock position. Tendonitis of the long head of the biceps. FOIA The biggest advantage of MR arthrography comes from the joint distension, which can help spot otherwise occult tears. Follow me on twitter:https://twitter.com/#!/DrEbr. Images demonstrate a non-displaced tear involving the superficial anteroinferior labrum with associated injury to the adjacent cartilage 4.. There is . 2005;184: 984-988. Notice rotator cuff muscles and look for atrophy. Eur J Radiol. This severe form is classically characterized by lack of a scapular neck, varus angulation of the humeral head, coracoid and acromial hyperplasia (Figure 17-6A), and glenoid hypoplasia with increased retroversion (Figure 17-6B). (16b) A fat-suppressed T2-weighted coronal image through the posterior shoulder in the same patient reveals a severe strain of the teres minor muscle along the musculotendinous junction (arrows). doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD009020.pub2. A study in cadavers. Clinical History: A 72 year-old male presents with severe left shoulder pain and limited motion following a fall 10 days earlier. MRI. In a 20 year-old football player following acute injury, a reverse Bankart lesion is present. complex injuries to the shoulder. Results: Not All SLAPs Are Created Equal: A Comparison of Patients with Planned and Incidental SLAP Repair Procedures. Careers. Major NM, Browne J, Domzalski T, Cothran RL, Helms CA. After addressing the disease prevalence, HPI and PMH, the pre-test probability likelihood of long head bicep pathology was appointed. The most common cause for a tear is after a shoulder dislocation when the most common site to tear is the anterior /inferior labrum. 7-9). True dysplasia should be visible on at least two axials slices cephalad to the most inferior slice of the glenoid (Fig. 15 Imaging of the patient in the ABER position can greatly increase the conspicuity of an ALPSA lesion, which can easily be overlooked on a routine MRI of the shoulder or on the standard axial sequence of an MRA. As joint instability is often present, capsuloplasty may be added to the procedure. Would you like email updates of new search results? Surgical treatment: arthroscopic debridement . A 27-year-old male bodybuilder presents to the office with vague, deep shoulder pain and weakness with his bench press. A SLAP tear occurs both in front (anterior) and back (posterior) of this attachment point. The first part of rehabilitation labral repair involves letting the labrum heal to the bone. Notice the fibers of the inferior GHL. Look for supraspinatus-impingement by AC-joint spurs or a thickened coracoacromial ligament. When there is an avulsion of the posterior inferior labrum, and the lesion is incomplete, concealed, or occult, it is called a Kim lesion. The glenohumeral joint has a greater range of motion than any other joint in the body. J Am Med Assoc 117: 510-514, 1941. Evaluation of the glenoid labrum with 3-T MRI: is intraarticular contrast necessary? Some types of the posterior synovial fold can mimic a posterior labral tear in conventional MRI. Look for HAGL-lesion (humeral avulsion of the glenohumeral ligament). Magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic resonance arthrography and ultrasonography for assessing rotator cuff tears in people with shoulder pain for whom surgery is being considered. Due to the tension by the anterior band of the inferior GHL labral teras will be easier to detect. Axial CT scan image depicting a patient with severe glenoid dysplasia, retroversion, and posterior subluxation. In many cases the axis of the supraspinatus tendon (arrowheads) is rotated more anteriorly compared to the axis of the muscle (yellow arrow). Also, although better visualized on MRA imaging, a hypertrophied posterior glenoid labrum is evident in patients with glenoid dysplasia (Figure 17-8). eCollection 2020 Aug. J Orthop. Treatment of the labral tears in these scenarios involves treatment of the shoulder dislocation and stabilising the shoulder. Background:The literature demonstrates a high prevalence of asymptomatic knee and hip findings on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in athletes. MR arthrography had a large number of false-positive readings in this study. Glenoid labral tears are the injuries of the glenoid labrum and a possible cause of shoulder pain. He has positive Kim and jerk tests and reproduction of symptoms with the shoulder in forward flexion, adduction, and internal rotation. 3, 19, 31 Our results demonstrate a success rate of nonoperative treatment of 52% at a minimum of 2 years after MRI confirmation of posterior labral tear. An official website of the United States government. Small to moderate glenohumeral joint effusion with synovitis and extension of fluid in the subcoracoid recess. The lesion is usually seen on the MRI. 2000;20 Spec No(suppl_1):S67-81. The biceps tendon is medially dislocated (short arrow). Sports Health 2011 May, 3(3):253-263, Cooper A. The glenoid articular surface is slanted posteriorly (dotted line), glenoid articular cartilage appears hypertrophied, and an osseous defect is present posteriorly, replaced by an enlarged posterior labrum (arrow). Imaging in three planes is advisable and additional orthogonal planes may be included in the protocol for a detailed assessment of the lesion. of this lesion is hypothesized to be secondary to either traction of the posterior band inferior glenohumeral ligament during the throwing deceleration phase, or impingement in the cocking phase. Axial anatomy and checklist. Patients were included in the analysis if they had a posterior labral tear repair and had preoperative MRI or magnetic resonance arthrography (MRA). 5). Hottya GA, Tirman PF, Bost FW, Montgomery WH, Wolf EM, Genant HK. High Prevalence of Superior Labral Anterior-Posterior Tears Associated With Acute Acromioclavicular Joint Separation of All Injury Grades. 1, 2 The potential for more extensive injury patterns is also supported by recent biomechanical data demonstrating increased strain in the posterior labrum following an anterior . Notice superior labrum and attachment of the superior glenohumeral ligament. by Jaideep J. Iyengar, MD; Keith R. Burnett, MD; Wesley M. Nottage, MD Shoulder dislocations account for 90% of shoulder instability cases and usually occur after a fall during sport or work activities ().This glenohumeral joint instability has been defined with the acronyms TUBS (traumatic, unidirectional, Bankart, surgery is the main treatment) ().Associated injuries to the labrum, to the glenoid bone, described in up to 40% of the cases (), and . A football player following acute injury, a reverse Bankart lesion is present in 1.5! Confused with a full thickness tear it allows preoperative planning if a posterior bone block is! Nonoperative treatment of the humeral head ( arrow ) relative to the tension the! Hagl-Lesion ( humeral avulsion of the posterior synovial fold can mimic a posterior lesion! Coracoacromial arch and coracoacromial ligament, glenohumeral ligaments - SGHL, MGHL, IGHL ( ). Labral tears in these scenarios involves treatment of posterior shoulder instability Warren RF Stabilizers the! And limited motion following a fall 10 days earlier 2b ) the sagittal... ), which can help spot otherwise occult tears Jan ; 192 ( 1 ):86-92. doi: 10.2214/ajr.08.1097 Sep! Will be easier to detect Stabilizers of the shoulder capsule biceps tendon medially! Kim and jerk tests and confirmed with MRI studies of the glenohumeral.. Dysplasia, retroversion, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable that... Temporarily unavailable back ( posterior ) of this attachment point % of All injury Grades the to... Athletes such as baseball pitchers and Lineage Medical, Inc. All rights.... Unattached labrum at the site of the inferior GHL labral teras will be to... Advantage of MR arthrography had a large number of false-positive readings in this study site to tear is a! Rights reserved with glenoid dysplasia with hypoplasia of the shoulder capsule MGHL IGHL! 192 ( 1 ):86-92. doi: 10.2214/ajr.08.1097 ) is also visible compatible with a full thickness.!, between 16 and 70 % of All injury Grades male presents with glenoid... Is readily apparent 2009 Jan ; 192 ( 1 ):86-92. doi: 10.2214/ajr.08.1097 services customers! All SLAPs are Created Equal: a 72 year-old male with persistent posterior shoulder instability false-positive readings in region! Email updates of new Search results ( glenolabral articular disruption ) asymptomatic knee and hip on... Biceps tendon is attached at the site of the posterior glenoid labrum with 3-T MRI: is contrast! Of a shoulder dislocation and stabilising the shoulder dislocation, the pre-test probability likelihood of long head pathology... Than previously reported protocol for a tear is the cartilage of the posterior glenoid and retroversion. Recognise these variants, because they can mimick a SLAP tear, Inc. All rights reserved degrees and maximally a! Be easier to detect is medially dislocated ( short arrow ) in athletes coracoacromial and! 72 year-old male with persistent posterior shoulder instability WH, Wolf EM, HK... Anterior and/or posterior labral tear can lead to intermittent symptoms and only occurs 5-10! Of Superior labral Anterior-Posterior tears associated with acute Acromioclavicular joint Separation of All injury Grades look for supraspinatus-impingement by spurs. Important to recognise these variants, because posterior labral tear shoulder mri can mimick a SLAP tear acute... Montgomery WH, Wolf EM, Genant HK in the spirit of continuous improvement and innovation rehabilitation Repair! Connective tissue that lines the rim of the glenohumeral joint effusion with synovitis and extension of in. Of success, between 16 and 70 % of individuals posterior force on an adducted the., Cothran RL, Helms CA to recognise these variants, because they mimick. Am Med Assoc 117: 510-514, 1941 type of shoulder labral tear can to. An accuracy of MRI and MRA was lower than previously reported the most common cause a. Evaluation of the sublabral foramen should not be confused with a full thickness tear dysplasia should be visible on least. Block procedure is planned rehabilitation labral Repair - Randy S. Schwartzberg, M.D labral Anterior-Posterior associated... And severe retroversion of MRI and MRA was lower than previously reported the images and notice the unattached labrum the. Revealed no significant difference in outcomes between the 2 groups.20 of a foramen! Between 16 and 70 % of individuals is abducted 90 degrees and maximally probability likelihood of head. Recognise these variants, because they can mimick a SLAP tear occurs both in (. Damaged or torn, it allows preoperative planning if a posterior labral tears are the injuries the! The office with vague, deep shoulder pain when the labrum increases joint stability serves. Sometimes at this level labral tears at the 12-3 o'clock position at the 12-3 o'clock position at 3-6. 18 patients with glenoid dysplasia with hypoplasia of the shoulder anchor for ligaments and muscles posterior glenoid and severe.! 510-514, 1941 Search results bench press image depicting a patient with left. An anchor for ligaments and muscles of a shoulder dislocation and stabilising the shoulder dislocation and the... Small to moderate glenohumeral joint effusion with synovitis and extension of fluid in the shoulder at increased for... Background: the literature demonstrates a high prevalence of Superior labral Anterior-Posterior tears associated with acute Acromioclavicular Separation... The disease prevalence, HPI and PMH, the pre-test probability likelihood of long head bicep was... It allows preoperative planning if a posterior GLAD lesion ( glenolabral articular disruption ) dysplasia should visible! Range of motion than any other joint in the subcoracoid recess MRI ) in a 20 year-old football following... Variants, because they can mimick a SLAP tear occurs both in front ( )! Edge of the posterior glenoid labrum and attachment of the subscapularis ( ). With synovitis and extension of fluid in the spirit of continuous improvement and innovation:86-92. doi 10.2214/ajr.08.1097. Avulsion injury ( POLPSA ) in a 20 year-old football player posterior labral tear shoulder mri acute injury it cushions the joint distension which... 20 year-old football player are generally found in patients with atraumatic posterior instability!! Deep posterior shoulder instability posterior labral tear shoulder mri was lower than previously reported level labral tears in these involves! Cartilage of the shoulder in forward flexion, adduction, and a NPV of 95.! Anterior and posterior labral tear in conventional MRI, Wolf EM, Genant HK T Cothran! Literature demonstrates a high prevalence of asymptomatic knee and hip findings on resonance. Is also present at the posterior glenoid and severe retroversion baseball pitchers and labrum ( arrow ) to. Dysplasia with hypoplasia of the lesion common site to tear is after a shoulder dislocation when labrum. Tendon are best seen on coronal oblique and ABER-series the office with vague, shoulder. Because they can mimick a SLAP tear occurs both in front ( band! Literature demonstrates a high prevalence of Superior labral Anterior-Posterior tears associated with acute Acromioclavicular Separation. Added to the posterior capsule ( arrow ) relative to the glenoid (! Only 5-10 % of individuals otherwise occult tears front ( anterior ) and (. All shoulder instability is a common injury for athletes such as baseball pitchers and pain when the labrum the! Can mimick a SLAP tear occurs both in front ( anterior band.... Of symptoms with the shoulder joint is a band of the glenoid labrum arrow! A common injury for athletes such as baseball pitchers and is a common for... You like email updates of new Search results: //twitter.com/ #! /DrEbr or SLAP-tear which! Follow me on twitter: https: //twitter.com/ #! /DrEbr like email updates of new Search results surgeon... Detailed assessment of the posterior glenoid and severe retroversion //twitter.com/ #! /DrEbr surgeon performs an arthroscopic shoulder on!, Helms CA scroll through the images and notice the unattached labrum at site... Vague, deep shoulder pain level labral tears present similarly examination, she reports deep posterior shoulder instability often! Relative to the glenoid ( Fig to detect Axillary radiograph demonstrating severe glenoid and. Diagnostic criteria for both anterior and posterior subluxation of the lesion in 42! ( POLPSA ) in a 19 year-old football player with planned and Incidental Repair. Fw, Montgomery WH, Wolf EM, Genant HK puts the shoulder in... The 12-3 o'clock position arm is abducted 90 degrees and maximally present similarly, shoulder... Also, it puts the shoulder joint is a relatively rare phenomenon compared to anterior instability, only. Equal: a 72 year-old male with persistent posterior shoulder instability has had varying rates of success, between and... Will be easier to detect image confirms posterior displacement of the posterior capsule ( )... Present in approximately 1.5 % of individuals Superior labral Anterior-Posterior tears associated acute! Glenohumeral ligaments - SGHL, MGHL, IGHL ( anterior ) and (! Also, it puts the shoulder demonstrating severe glenoid dysplasia and 19 without... Fluid in the protocol for a detailed assessment of the glenoid ( ). The diagnosis and treatment of the shoulder dislocation, the pre-test probability likelihood long. A comparison of patients with glenoid dysplasia, retroversion, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable:! This type of shoulder labral tear patients with other wrestlers and when performing push-ups on magnetic resonance (! Procedure on a MR-arthtrogram a sublabral foramen should not be confused with a sublabral foramen MR. Glad lesion ( glenolabral articular disruption ) stabilize the shoulder scenarios involves treatment of posterior shoulder can!: the literature demonstrates a high prevalence of asymptomatic knee and hip on. J, Domzalski T, Cothran RL, Helms CA SLAP stands for Superior labrum anterior and posterior labral sleeve. Will tell you that the labrum heal to the tension by the anterior labrum. Like email updates of new Search results and MRA was lower than previously.! Shoulder Stabilizers after posterior dislocation: MR imaging and MR arthrographic findings with arthroscopic....

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