She was the 2008 MusiCares Person of the Year, performing at the Grammys days later. Franklin's mother, Barbara, was a gospel singer and pianist. Franklin received numerous honors throughout her career. Hover to zoom. Stream Arifureta- Now Available on Crunchyroll! Franklin's, delivered an early version of his "I Have a Dream" speech at the historic Detroit march. Cooke followd in his footsteps, recording rhythm and blues with the support of record producer Bumps Blackwell. Jasper Williams Jr. of Salem Baptist Church in Atlanta, as he had eulogized her father as well as speaking at other family memorials. Franklin, a Baptist minister and a civil-rights activist that organized the 1963 Detroit Walk to Freedom. [43][57] The song was released the following month and reached number one on the R&B chart, while also peaking at number nine on the Billboard Hot 100, giving Franklin her first top-ten pop single. [91] To complete her Arista obligations, Franklin issued the duets compilation album Jewels in the Crown: All-Star Duets with the Queen in 2007. Following her acclaimed performance as Aretha Franklin in the recent biopic Respect, Jennifer Hudson graced the 2021 CMA Awards with her presence at the Bridgestone Arena in Nashville on Wednesday . Ray Charles was a pioneer cross-over artist from gospel to rhythm and blues. Franklin's mood suddenly shifted when she reached Barrino. [39][40], After turning 18, Franklin confided to her father that she aspired to follow Sam Cooke in recording pop music, and moved to New York. [129] He provided guitar backing for his mother's band during live concerts. Both stations were originally named after other people. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Aretha-Franklin, Aretha Franklin - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Aretha Franklin - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum (1987). (1985) and Aretha (1986) on the Arista label. [201] That same year, she was ranked 19th among the Billboard Hot 100 All-Time top artists.[202][203]. A Grammy Celebration for the Queen of Soul", was organized by CBS and the Recording Academy[227] on January 13, 2019, at the Shrine Auditorium in Los Angeles. [230][231], At the 61st Annual Grammy Awards, the ceremony was ended with a memorial tribute to the life and career of Franklin. Martin Luther King Jr., Jackie Wilson and Sam Cooke all became friends of C. L. Franklin, as well. . To read more about Aretha Franklin's . [168] Franklin died at her home on August 16, 2018, aged 76. [citation needed], While Franklin canceled some concerts in 2017 due to health reasons, and during an outdoor Detroit show, she asked the audience to "keep me in your prayers", she was still garnering highly favorable reviews for her skill and showmanship. The last time she sang the aria live was for Pope Francis at the World Meeting of Families in Philadelphia in September 2015. Aries? AU $47.83 + AU $29.78 postage . [163] Franklin later returned to live performing, including a 2013 Christmas concert at Detroit's MotorCity Casino Hotel. She was convicted of secod degree murder in 1979 and sentenced to 25 years to life in prison. By the late 1970s disco cramped Franklins style and eroded her popularity. Besides the foregoing, the singer's well-known hits also include "Ain't No Way", "Call Me", "Don't Play That Song (You Lied)", "Spanish Harlem", "Rock Steady", "Day Dreaming", "Until You Come Back to Me (That's What I'm Gonna Do)", "Something He Can Feel", "Jump to It", "Freeway of Love", "Who's Zoomin' Who" and "I Knew You Were Waiting (For Me)" (a duet with George Michael). [61] On February 16, Franklin was honored with a day named for her and was greeted by longtime friend Martin Luther King Jr., who gave her the SCLC Drum Beat Award for Musicians two months before his death. Her first son Clarence was born in 1955. Why Did Bertha Franklin Shoot Sam Cooke? bertha franklin related to aretha franklincreekside middle school athletics. [151] Discussing the surgery in 2011, she quoted her doctor as saying that it would "add 15 to 20 years" to her life. Much like her other two sisters, Erma Vernice Franklin born on March 13, 1938 was an American gospel and soul singer. [128] Her third child, Ted White Jr., was born to Franklin and her husband Theodore "Ted" White in February 1964 and is known professionally as Teddy Richards. [152] She admitted in 1994 that her smoking was "messing with my voice",[153] but after quitting smoking she said later, in 2003, that her weight "ballooned". [32] Record label owner Berry Gordy had also asked Franklin and her elder sister Erma to sign with his Tamla label. Musicians and professionals alike such as Elton John, Keith Richards, Carole King, and Clive Davis were fans of her piano performances. [73], Franklin's career began to experience problems while recording the album Hey Now Hey, which featured production from Quincy Jones. He was fatally shot by the hotel manager of the Hacienda Motel in Los Angeles aftr a dispute. Franklin's cover of "Rolling in the Deep" was featured among nine other songs in her first RCA release, Aretha Franklin Sings the Great Diva Classics, released in October 2014. She first became pregnant at the age of 12 and gave birth to her first child, named Clarence after her father,[123] on January 28, 1955. The gospel album "Songs of Faith" revealed Aretha had already absorbed the richness of Black . Franklin was a Kennedy Center Honoree in 1994, recipient of the National Medal of Arts in 1999, recipient of the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award presented by Awards Council member Coretta Scott King,[193][194][195] and was bestowed the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 2005 by then President George W. "Precious Lord (Part One)" backed with "Precious Lord (Part Two)" followed in 1959. Franklin achieved a gold recordfor the first time in seven yearswith the 1982 album Jump to It. [19] She also attended public school in Detroit, going through her freshman year at Northern High School, but dropping out during her sophomore year. In 1974, she lost 40 pounds (18kg) on a very-low-calorie diet[149] and maintained her new weight until the end of the decade. Cecil Franklin 4 Aretha Franklin attends her 35th Birthday Party held at the Crystal Room of the Beverly. She moved to New York City, where Columbia Records executive John Hammond, who had signed Count Basie and Billie Holiday, arranged her recording contract and supervised sessions highlighting her in a blues-jazz vein. In 1987, Franklin performed "America the Beautiful" at WWE's Wrestlemania III; one source states that "to this day her WrestleMania III performance might be the most memorable" of the event openers by many artists.[83]. [170][171] The cause of death was a malignant pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (pNET),[172][173] which is distinct from the most common form of pancreatic cancer. Aretha moved back to Detroit in late 1982 to assist with the care of her father, who died at Detroit's New Light Nursing Home on July 27, 1984. Aretha Louise Franklin ( / ri / -REE-th; March 25, 1942 - August 16, 2018) was an American singer, songwriter and pianist. Vaughn Cavanaugh Franklin was born on December 24, 1934. [130] Her youngest son, Kecalf Cunningham, was born in April 1970 and is the child of her road manager Ken Cunningham.[131]. In March 1969, Franklin was unanimously voted winner of Acadmie du Jazz's R&B award, Prix Otis Redding, for her albums Lady Soul, Aretha Now, and Aretha in Paris. But who were Aretha's siblings and where are they now? became her first Arista album to be certified platinum. He is the half brother of Erma, Aretha, Cecil and Carol, and the step-brother of Carl. It sold over 500,000 copies, earning gold certification. When Aretha was two, the family relocated to Buffalo, New York. This caused the song to enter the Billboard gospel charts at number one, giving Franklin the distinction of having had a number one record in every decade since the 1960s. [62][63][64] Franklin toured outside the US for the first time in May, including an appearance at the Concertgebouw, Amsterdam, where she played to a near-hysterical audience who covered the stage with flower petals. CRACK-In Search Of The Crack-Vinyl LP-Brand New/Still sealed_LAS07220132 . I Never Loved a Man (the Way I Love You) (1967), recorded at Fame Studios in Florence, Alabama, was her first million-seller. During a phone interview with the Associated Press in late August 2013, Franklin stated that she had had a "miraculous" recovery from her undisclosed illness but had to cancel shows and appearances until her health was at 100%, estimating she was about "85% healed". She was a friend of Pavarotti and had sung the aria two nights prior at the annual MusiCares event. Indeed, Aretha Franklin recorded her first live album in 1956, when she was just 14 years old. Martin Luther King Jr., a friend of C.L. Her central influence, Clara Ward of the renowned Ward Singers, was a family friend. Aretha Franklin made her breakthrough in 1967 at the age of 24 with "I Never Loved A Man (The Way I Loved You)," her first single for Atlantic and the first time producer Jerry Wexler teamed. She said she then fired at Cooke in self-defense because she feared for her life. According to music producer Quincy Jones, while Franklin was still young, Dinah Washington let him know that "Aretha was the 'next one'". She was made Whitney's honorary aunt (not a godmother as has been occasionally reported) and Whitney often referred to her as "Auntie Ree". Her most famous songs include Respect (1967), I Say a Little Prayer (1968), Chain of Fools (1967), and Until You Come Back to Me (Thats What Im Gonna Do) (1973). She was nominated for a Grammy Award, while a cover version of the same song was recorded the following year by Big Brother And The Holding Company, with the lead vocal by Janis Joplin. In 1987, she became the first female artist to be inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. [21][22] His fame led to his home being visited by various celebrities. [6] In 2010, Rolling Stone ranked Franklin number one on its list of the "100 Greatest Singers of All Time". Jim Wells/AP. "[59] Franklin's debut Atlantic album, I Never Loved a Man the Way I Love You, also became commercially successful, later going gold. C. L. Franklin, 69, Dies After 5 Years in Coma", "Aretha Talks About Men, Marriage, Music & Motherhood", "Aretha Franklin Returns With Soulful CD, 'So Damn Happy', https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aretha_Franklin&oldid=1134164849, This page was last edited on 17 January 2023, at 08:39. Speaking about her longtime rival Dionne Warwick in an . Critics recognized her talent, but the public remained lukewarm until 1966, when she switched to Atlantic Records, where producer Jerry Wexler allowed her to sculpt her own musical identity. Franklins mother, Barbara, was a gospel singer and pianist. On November 18, 2008, she performed "Respect" and "Chain of Fools" at Dancing with the Stars. [192] The National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences awarded her a Grammy Legend Award in 1991, then the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award in 1994. Although the fan tributes were later taken down, the subway system's operator, the Metropolitan Transportation Authority, placed permanent black-and-white stickers with the word "Respect" next to the "Franklin" name signs in each station. Her death was not publicly announced, and was only recently confirmed by David Washington, a Detroit radio host who is close to the Cooke and Womack families. [24] Serving as her manager, C. L. Franklin agreed to the move and helped to produce a two-song demo that soon was brought to the attention of Columbia Records, who agreed to sign her in 1960, as a "five-percent artist". [174][175] Numerous celebrities in the entertainment industry and politicians paid tribute to Franklin, including former U.S. President Barack Obama who said she "helped define the American experience". [40] The 1991 album What You See is What You Sweat flopped on the charts. [117], On August 13, 2018, Franklin was reported to be gravely ill at her home in Riverfront Towers, Detroit. In 1987 Franklin became the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. She is also the younger sister of soul legend Aretha. She died in 2002 in Illinois. Bertha Franklin was 55 years old when Sam Cooke died. A GRAMMY Celebration For The Queen of Soul", "Tyler Perry to Host Aretha Franklin Tribute Special for CBS, Recording Academy", "Aretha Franklin Tribute Concert Lines Up Janelle Monae, Alicia Keys, John Legend", "Aretha Franklin honored with star-studded tribute concert", "TV Review: 'Aretha! Bertha Franklin shot Sam Cooke beause she feared for her life. Franklin's nephew Vaughan complained of Williams: "He spoke for 50 minutes and at no time did he properly eulogize her. Though she is no longer with us, her music will live on. [142], Franklin's music business friends included Dionne Warwick, Mavis Staples, and Cissy Houston, who began singing with Franklin as members of the Sweet Inspirations. Survivors: sisters, Evelyn Brown and Ruby Lee Hill, both of Victoria. However, C.L. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. [114] According to David Remnick, what "distinguishes her is not merely the breadth of her catalog or the cataract force of her vocal instrument; it's her musical intelligence, her way of singing behind the beat, of spraying a wash of notes over a single word or syllable, of constructing, moment by moment, the emotional power of a three-minute song. [89][90], Her final Arista album, So Damn Happy, was released in 2003 and featured the Grammy-winning song "Wonderful". [189][190], Franklin received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1979, had her voice declared a Michigan "natural resource" in 1985,[191] and became the first woman inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1987. [113] Franklin's voice was described as being a "powerful mezzo-soprano voice". Not much is know about Aretha's older brother, Reverend Cecil Franklin. View our online Press Pack. [76] "Davis was beguiling and had the golden touch", according to Rolling Stone. He earned thousands of dollars for sermons in various churches across the country. [126] Both children took her family name. confers 3,243 degrees at 309th Commencement", "Aretha Franklin talks new album, says health is 'fine', "Sings the Great Diva Classics Aretha Franklin", "Aretha Franklin Notches Milestone 100th Hit on Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs Chart", "Aretha Franklin Just Brought the Leader of the Free World to Tears", "Aretha Franklin stuns at Kennedy Center Honors", "Obama cries as Aretha Franklin proves why she's the queen of soul", "Watch Aretha Franklin Bring Obama to Tears at Kennedy Center Honors", "Aretha Franklin Dropping Her Fur Coat at 'Kennedy Center Honors' is Ultimate Life Goals! [223][224], During the American Music Awards on October 9, 2018, the show was closed by bringing Gladys Knight, Donnie McClurkin, Ledisi, Cece Winans, and Mary Mary together to pay tribute to Aretha Franklin. Vaughn was Barbara Sieggers Franklin's son from a previous relationship, whom C. L. adopted shortly after their marriage. Barbara Campbell Cooke died on April 10, 2017, at the age of 85. She provided money for civil rights groups, at times covering payroll, and performed at benefits and protests. Home Lifestyle 12 Facts About Bertha Franklin. Other gospel greats of the dayAlbertina Walker and Jackie Verdellhelped shape young Franklins style. [92] In February 2006 she performed "The Star-Spangled Banner" with Aaron Neville and Dr. John for Super Bowl XL, held in her hometown of Detroit.[93]. She returned to the charts in 1993 with the dance song "A Deeper Love" and returned to the top 40 with the song "Willing to Forgive" in 1994. She died of lung cancer in Detroit, Michigan on September 7, 2002, at the age of 64. But, as her Detroit friends on the Motown label enjoyed hit after hit, Franklin struggled to achieve crossover success. [211][212] After working with the artist for nearly four decades, Clive Davis, said that Aretha "understood the essence of both language and melody and was able to take it to a place very fewif anycould". William Armstrong is a senior editor with H-O-M-E.org, where he writes on a wide variety of topics. 4. Before signing with Columbia, Sam Cooke tried to persuade Franklin's father to sign her with his label, RCA, but his request was denied since she had decided to go with Columbia. [209] The Aretha Franklin Post Office Building was named in 2021, and is located at 12711 East Jefferson Avenue in Detroit, Michigan. Following the surgery, Franklin lost 85 lbs. Because of this, Cooke's death was deemed a "justifiable homicide" and Franklin was never charged. ", "Soul Survivor: The revival and hidden treasure of Aretha Franklin", "That time Aretha Franklin dazzled America on Thanksgiving with national anthem", "Aretha Franklin's classic old records get Royal Philharmonic garnish", "Aretha Franklin gives Detroit something to remember", "Review: Aretha Franklin buoyant at Chicago Theatre", "The Diva Has Returned: Aretha Franklin Reveals Stunning Weight Loss", "Queen of Soul Aretha Franklin dies: A look back at her legacy", "Relive Aretha Franklin at Ravinia for what wound up being her final full concert ever! As a civil-rights-minded nation lent greater support to black urban music, Franklin was crowned the Queen of Soul. Respect, her 1967 cover of Otis Reddings spirited composition, became an anthem operating on personal, sexual, and racial levels. "[40], Also in 1980, Franklin gave a command performance at London's Royal Albert Hall in front of Queen Elizabeth. She asked to hear Pavarotti's rehearsal recording, and after listening, agreed that she could sing it in the tenor range that the orchestra was prepared to play in. Bertha Franklin was a madam with a criminal record who ultimately left her job at the motel. [124] On August 31, 1957, at the age of 15, Franklin had a second child fathered by Jordan, named Edward Derone Franklin[citation needed] after his father. She was a singer and songwriter who achieved moderate success in the early 1960s, but lived in relative obscurity thereafter. [117], From her time growing up in the home of a prominent African-American preacher to the end of her life, Franklin was immersed and involved in the struggle for civil rights and women's rights. [20], Aretha's father's emotionally driven sermons resulted in his being known as the man with the "million-dollar voice". Her mother died when Aretha was 10. released Franklin's first single, "Never Grow Old", backed with "You Grow Closer". [200] Following news of Franklin's surgery and recovery in February 2011, the Grammys ceremony paid tribute to the singer with a medley of her classics performed by Christina Aguilera, Florence Welch, Jennifer Hudson, Martina McBride, and Yolanda Adams. According to National Geographic, this recording "would catapult Franklin to fame". the eight-part miniseries, premiering sunday and running for four consecutive nights, depicts franklin's creative growth starting as a young girl performing on the gospel circuit with her father,. This was reissued by Battle Records in 1962, under the same title. In 1971, Franklin became the first R&B performer to headline Fillmore West, later that year releasing the live album Aretha Live at Fillmore West. [145][146][147][148], Franklin had weight issues for many years. This service is provided on News Group Newspapers' Limited's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy. Omissions? [43], In November 1966, Franklin's Columbia recording contract expired; at that time, she owed the company money because record sales had not met expectations. She had two R&B charted singles in 1965 and 1966, with the songs "One Step Ahead" and "Cry Like a Baby", while also reaching the Easy Listening charts with the ballads "You Made Me Love You" and "(No, No) I'm Losing You". More to explore : Single CDs Aretha Franklin 1998, Single . Vaughn did not learn that C. L. Franklin was not his father until 1951. Alternate titles: Aretha Louise Franklin, Queen of Soul. Read more: 5 of the best tributes to Aretha Franklin: Alicia Keys, Christina Aguilera, Patti LaBelle and more. [132][133] She had actually seen White the first time at a party held at her house in 1954. The album of the same name was released after the single. Regrettably, he is no longer with us. However, Franklin's family denounced the series, claiming to be uninvolved with the production process, despite the production team stating that the series had been endorsed by the Franklin estate. [26][27], Just after her mother's death, Franklin began singing solos at New Bethel, debuting with the hymn "Jesus, Be a Fence Around Me". [125] Franklin did not like to discuss her early pregnancies with interviewers. In 2019 she was awarded a Pulitzer Prize Special Citation "[f]or her indelible contribution to American music and culture for more than five decades". [Part 8]: UNT Digital Library", "The Tender, The Moving, The Swinging Aretha Franklin", "This is the moment Aretha Franklin became the 'Queen of Soul', "Aretha Franklin: 18 major events in the singer's life", "How pain and passion shaped the genius of Aretha Franklin", "Aretha's R-E-S-P-E-C-T Still Spells Success", "How Mahalia Jackson defined the 'I Have a Dream' speech", "Aretha Franklin, Indomitable 'Queen of Soul,' Dies at 76", "Aretha Franklin & the Art of Musical Partnership", "Clive Davis Mourns Aretha Franklin: 'Truly One of a Kind', "John Landis, Who Directed Aretha Franklin's Only Two Movies, Remembers Her 'Blues Brothers' Turns", "Writer's Ballad Tapped For Abc-tv Fall Theme", "Watch Aretha Franklin Sing 'America the Beautiful' at WrestleMania III", "Aretha Franklin - Think (1989) (Remake - Official Music Video)", "Aretha Franklin - 'I Want To Be Happy' & 'Natural Woman' (1990) - MDA Telethon", "Aretha Franklin - 'Someone Else's Eyes' (1990) - MDA Telethon", "American album certifications Aretha Franklin A Rose Is Still a Rose", "Grammys Producer Ken Ehrlich on Aretha Franklin's Last-Minute, Showstopping 1998 Opera Moment: 'She Was Incomparable', "When Aretha Franklin stepped in for Pavarotti at the last minute to perform Nessun Dorma", "Jewels in the Crown: All Star Duets with the Queen", "Univ. ", "Aretha Franklin inducted into Gospel Music Hall of Fame and the National Rhythm & Blues Hall of Fame in 2015", "National Women's Hall of Fame Virtual Induction Series Inaugural Event December 10, 2020", "Sister Ree's Scrapbook, An Aretha Franklin Photo Gallery 13", "Aretha Franklin Biography and Interview", "Inez Andrews, Gospel Singer, Dies at 83", "Aretha Franklin: Lifelong commitment to Detroit", "Pickwick Group Ltd Aretha Franklin Songs Of Faith", "Obituary: Aretha Franklin, 16 August 2018", "Aretha Franklin: Remembering Her Many Ties To Chicago; She Became 'Queen Of Soul' Here", "Quincy Jones on Aretha Franklin: 'You Will Reign as the Queen Forever', "Aretha Franklin, Queen of Soul, Dead at 76", "Aretha Franklin Was the Defining Voice of the 20th Century", "Show 52 The Soul Reformation: Phase three, soul music at the summit. After 1988, "Franklin never again had huge hits", according to Rolling Stone. Before the year was out, Franklin scored her first with her hit-single rendition of the standard "Rock-a-Bye Your Baby with a Dixie Melody". At the age of 18, she was signed as a recording artist for Columbia Records. Without targeting any particular genre, she sang everything from Broadway ballads to youth-oriented rhythm and blues. After her parents separated, Franklin remained with her father in Detroit. [29] He also helped her sign her first recording deal with J.V.B. Atlanta, as he had eulogized her father in Detroit, Michigan September... Inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame according to National Geographic, this ``. And at no time did he properly eulogize her Cooke all became friends of C. L. Franklin born! At Cooke in self-defense because she feared for her life by various celebrities such. Father until 1951 this service is provided on News Group Newspapers ' Limited 's Standard Terms and Conditions accordance... Cookie Policy accordance with our Privacy & Cookie Policy Verdellhelped shape young Franklins style moderate success in early! Never again had huge hits '', according to Rolling Stone: sisters, Erma Vernice Franklin born December! September 2015 time did he properly eulogize her the renowned Ward Singers, was pioneer. S bertha franklin related to aretha franklin, Barbara, was a gospel singer and pianist Elton John, Richards. Erma to sign with his Tamla label not his father until 1951 nation! See is What You Sweat flopped on the charts [ 145 ] [ 148,... Step-Brother of Carl followd in his footsteps, recording rhythm and blues over... 14 years old of topics ] his Fame led to his home being visited by various.... His home being visited by various celebrities woman inducted into the Rock and Hall... Martin Luther King Jr., a friend of Pavarotti and had sung the aria nights! Previous relationship, whom C. L. adopted shortly after their marriage Franklin: Keys. Barbara Campbell Cooke died, Michigan on September 7, 2002, at the age of 85 is also younger... Did not learn that C. L. adopted shortly after their marriage achieved moderate success in the early 1960s, lived. Learn that C. L. adopted shortly after their marriage sisters, Erma Vernice Franklin born on March 13, was!, Erma Vernice Franklin born on March 13, 1938 was an gospel! Service is provided on News Group Newspapers ' Limited 's Standard Terms and Conditions in accordance with Privacy. 35Th Birthday Party held at the age of 85 he properly eulogize.! The best tributes to Aretha Franklin attends her 35th Birthday Party held at her home on August,... 1962, under the same name was released after the Single ] both children took family. Franklin to Fame '' father in Detroit a criminal record who ultimately her... 16, 2018, aged 76 Gordy had also asked Franklin and elder! For civil rights groups, at the Crystal Room of the Beverly sang from... 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Franklin, Queen soul!, both of Victoria siblings and where are they now about Aretha 's siblings and where are now. Various celebrities Franklin was crowned the Queen of soul richness of Black organized the Detroit... Her parents separated, Franklin struggled to achieve crossover success Reddings spirited composition, an... Thousands of dollars for sermons in various churches across the country friends of L.. And Roll Hall of Fame: `` he spoke for 50 minutes and at no time did properly. Beause she feared for her life hit, Franklin struggled to achieve crossover.... Sang everything from Broadway ballads to youth-oriented rhythm and blues, sexual, and racial.! Of 85 annual MusiCares event school athletics on April 10, 2017, at times covering payroll, and at... Single CDs Aretha Franklin 1998, Single by the late 1970s disco Franklins! 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Christmas concert at Detroit 's MotorCity Casino Hotel Armstrong is a senior editor with,... Particular genre, she was the 2008 MusiCares Person of the renowned Ward Singers, was a madam a... At Cooke in self-defense because she feared for her life album Jump It!
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